危化品易燃、易爆、易中毒、易污染，运输中一旦肇事就可能酿成重特大事故，后果不堪想象。同时，给施救带来相当大的困难，处理回收也极为棘手。值得指出的是，绝大多数伤亡者并非司乘人员，而是肇事地段无辜的村民和路人。这类事故应当引起高度重视。

     如何安全运输危化品呢？以较常见的铁桶包装运输为例，应注意6个方面。

货物特性要知悉   专车运输防万一

    运输危险化学品一定要专车专用，不可滥用一些不符合安全要求的车辆，或混装一些别的货品。驾驶员要掌握一定的化工知识，对所装载的化学品要有大致的了解，成为半个“行家”。生产企业在产品启运前要向驾驶员交待清楚所载货物的物理、化学性能，注意事项，如产品的比重、闪燃点、毒性、膨胀系数等。例如，运输桶装的环氧氯丙烷，其膨胀系数大，易燃，灌装时一定要用新桶，要满桶装，不能留有空间。夏季时要在车上装棚杆，搭凉篷，以利空气流通，避免阳光直射。要向有关部门办理危险品运输证，悬挂小黄旗，上写“危险品”字样，以供人们识别。另外还要带上桶盖密封圈、湿麻袋、少量沙子，以及专用扳手、干粉灭火器等，以备不时之需。

科学装载要细心   有备无患才是真

    从事危化品运输的过程其实是检验驾驶人责任心的过程，从一开始工作就要细心。桶装危化品装载看似简单，其实很有讲究。装载要匀称、平衡，做到一车一货；化学危险品不能混装，以免泄漏后产生化学反应；桶与桶之间不能留有空隙，空隙要用废纸板或编织袋填充；排气管要装阻火器；如果是铁地板车厢，还应铺上一层草包或芦苇，以免行驶中滑动；还要用绳子将货物捆成一个整体固定起来，确保装载牢固。

平衡前进勿急躁   中速行驶最牢靠

    运输危险品责任重于泰山，对司机不但要求技术精湛，脾气也不能急躁。司机行车时要“礼让三先”，主动避让各种车辆；躲开坑坑洼洼，不开英雄车、赌气车；尽量少用紧急刹车，以保持货物的稳定，使车辆在平稳中前进。值得注意的是，无论运输何种化工产品，都要加盖雨布，以防行车交会时有烟头飞落车厢。

行车途中勤查看   意外情况早发现

    危险品运输的安全隐患是从泄漏开始的，由于行车中车辆颠簸，易造成包装破损，破损又往往集中在三个“点”上：一是桶盖没拧紧或密封圈失效；二是铁桶的焊缝处及桶筋由于磨擦破损；三是桶底在行驶过程中位移。因此，每行驶两小时要查看一下桶盖上有无东西溢出。司机应该注意的是，高温季节，液体会膨胀，更换密封圈时，要等放走气体再打开，避免开盖过急液体喷出伤人。

路况选择莫大意   时间路线要适宜

    运输危化品要选择道路平整的国道、高速公路等主干线，不能走情况复杂的道路。行车要远离城镇及居民区，非通过不可时，要再检查一次，确认安全无泄漏后再过境。不能在城市街道、人口密集区停车休息、吃饭。特别是槽车运输危化品，由于罐子全部暴露在外，夏天运输时，司机应尽量白天休息，夜间行车，以防液体膨胀。在行车中要避开车辆、人员高峰期。万一发生泄漏，个人力量无法挽回时，要迅速开往空旷地带，远离人群、水源。一旦发生交通事故，要扩大隔离范围，并立即向有关部门报告。

小心卸货勿蛮干   善始善终防污染

    危化品有毒性、腐蚀性，一不注意就容易污染环境，特别是液体产品容易污染土地和水源。经过长途运输，外包装都有一定的破损，卸货时尤其要注意。没有专用站台的地方要铺跳板或木杠，用绳子拉住桶缓缓落地，或用废轮胎垫底，起到缓冲作用。并要告之货主，对危险品要搁置一段时间，等各种性能平稳后再使用。另外，卸货后如发现车厢里有泄漏的痕迹，不要急于清洗，要先用锯末或沙子清扫一遍，让其干透、蒸发后，在远离水源的地方用水冲洗，以免污染环境。

Six safe knacks for DG transport

    Hazardous chemicals, flammable, explosive, toxic, easily contaminated. It will be a seriously accident if something unexpected happened, with unimaginable resuilt. What’s more, it is not the drivers but lots of innocent villagers and passers-by at the scene. Therefore, this kind of accident should be more careful.

How to transport DG? Take drum packing transport as an example, there are 6 aspects should be pay attention.

Know the Characteristics of the goods & use specific track

During the transport, the track must be specific. The driver should master some chemical knowladges. When the chemical goods have been packing, the manufacturer need to descript the physical and chemical properties to driver, including flash point, toxicity, expansion coefficient. For example, epichlorohydrin packed in drums, its expansion coefficient, flammable, so when filling with a new barrel, no space could be left. During summer transport, pay attention to air circulation, avoiding direct sunlight.. Apply to the DG transport certificate, hang a yellow flat with “DG” for people to identify. Besides, lid seal, wet sacks, a small amount of sand, and the special wrench, dry powder extinguishers are also needed for expectation.

   Loaded scentific

Circumspection is one of the most important factor in the process of DG transport. Drum packing DG transport is not so easy as it looks. DG can not be packed mixed or cause chemical reactions in case of leak; no space between drums; the exhaust pipe should install to flame arrester; cover with a layer of idiot or reed if it is an iron floor train; fix up the whole container with a rope.

    Move forward poisely

The driver must be professional and has a good temper. During the transport, “commity three first” and avoid other vehicles; never drive pique track; try to not use emergency break as much as possible to make the track stable. In additionally, any DG transport, a poncho is necessary to prevent traffic intersection cigarette flying to track. 

    Check oftenly during transport

Problems of DG transport safety starts from the leak, due to vehicles driving in the rough, which easily lead to damaged packaging, damage is often concentrated in the three "points": first, tighten the lid or seal failure; second, iron barrels and barrels of weld reinforcement damage because of friction; third, bottom of the barrel shift in the moving process. Therefore, have a check every one or two hours is necessary. Drivers should be noted that at the hot season, the liquid expands, when replace of seals, they should let the gas go to avoid hasty liquid wounding people. 

    Choose a suitable time of route traffic

    Transport of hazardous chemicals should in a flat national highway road, highway and other main line, not complicated paths. Far away from towns and residential areas, if can not avoid, then check again to confirm no leakage. Do not stop and have a rest in the city streets, densely populated areas, especially for the tanker transport of hazardous chemicals. In case of leakage, drive to the open area, away from the crows and water and immediately report to appropriate authorities.

    Careful discharge & Prevent pollution 

    Hazardous chemicals are toxic, corrosive, easy to pollution of the environment.  The liquid product, in particular, is easy to contaminated land and water resources. After a long-distance transport, packaging would be damaged in a certain amount, need special attention when discharge. And note the ownerthat dangerous goods should be shelved for some time before using. In addition, after discharge if traces of leakage exsit in the carriage, do not rush to wash, use sawdust or sand to clean again, after dry and evaporated, wash it in the place away from water resources.